Back Kannada Afrikaans ካነዳኛ Amharic Idioma canarés AN कन्नड़ ANP اللغة الكنادية Arabic الكناديه ARZ কন্নড় ভাষা Assamese Idioma canarés AST Kannada dili Azerbaijani کنادا دیلی AZB
| Kannada | |
|---|---|
| ಕನ್ನಡ | |
 The word "Kannada" in Kannada script | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈkɐnːɐɖa] |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Karnataka |
| Ethnicity | Kannadigas |
Native speakers | L1: 44 million (2011)[1] L2: 15 million (2011)[1] |
Early form | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | |
| Regulated by | Government of Karnataka[5] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | kn |
| ISO 639-2 | kan |
| ISO 639-3 | kan |
| Glottolog | nucl1305 |
| Linguasphere | 49-EBA-a |
 Distribution of Kannada native speakers, majority regions in dark blue and minority regions in light blue.[6] | |
| Part of a series on the |
| Culture of Karnataka |
|---|
 |
| Person | Kannaḍiga |
|---|---|
| People | Kannaḍigaru |
| Language | Kannaḍa |
Kannada (/ˈkɑːnədə, ˈkæn-/;[7][8] ಕನ್ನಡ, IPA: [ˈkɐnːɐɖa]), previously also known as Canarese,[9] is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a second or third language for around 15 million non-native speakers in Karnataka.
Kannada was the court language of a number of dynasties and empires of South, Central India and Deccan Plateau, namely the Kadamba dynasty, Western Ganga dynasty, Chalukya dynasty, Rashtrakuta Empire, Western Chalukya Empire Yadava Dynasty or Seunas, Kingdom of Mysore, Nayakas of Keladi,[10] Hoysala dynasty and the Vijayanagara Empire. The official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka,[11] it also has scheduled status in India and has been included among the country's designated classical languages.[12][13]
The Kannada language is written using the Kannada script, which evolved from the 5th-century Kadamba script. Kannada is attested epigraphically for about one and a half millennia and literary Old Kannada flourished in the 6th-century Ganga dynasty[14] and during the 9th-century Rashtrakuta Empire.[15][16] Kannada has an unbroken literary history of over a thousand years.[17] Kannada literature has been presented with 8 Jnanapith awards, the most for any Dravidian language and the second highest for any Indian language.[18][19][20] In July 2011, a center for the study of classical Kannada was established as part of the Central Institute of Indian Languages in Mysore to facilitate research related to the language.[21]
- ^ a b Kannada at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
- ^ Бонгард-Левин, Григорий Максимович (1986). A Complex Study of Ancient India: A Multi-disciplinary Approach. Ajanta Publications. p. 52. ISBN 978-81-202-0141-5.
the proto-Dravidian linguistic community disintegrated at the beginning of the 4th millennium B.C.
- ^ https://www.academia.edu/23734414[unreliable source?]
- ^ Ansumali Mukhopadhyay, Bahata (3 August 2021). "Ancestral Dravidian languages in Indus Civilization: ultraconserved Dravidian tooth-word reveals deep linguistic ancestry and supports genetics". Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 8 (1). doi:10.1057/s41599-021-00868-w.
- ^ The Karnataka official language act, 1963 – Karnataka Gazette (Extraordinary) Part IV-2A. Government of Karnataka. 1963. p. 33.
- ^ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). "Currency of Selected Languages and Scripts". A Historical Atlas of South Asia. University of Chicago Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-0195068696.
- ^ "Kannada". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
- ^ "Kannada". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Reeve, William (1858). Sanderson, Daniel (ed.). A Dictionary, Canarese and english. Bangalore: Wesleyan Mission Press. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
- ^ Masica, Colin P. (9 September 1993). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521299442.
- ^ "The Karnataka Official Language Act" (PDF). Official website of Department of Parliamentary Affairs and Legislation. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
- ^ Kuiper (2011), p. 74
- ^ R Zydenbos in Cushman S, Cavanagh C, Ramazani J, Rouzer P, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics: Fourth Edition, p. 767, Princeton University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-691-15491-6
- ^ "Gangas of Talakad". Official website of the Central Institute of Indian Languages, India. classicalkannada.org. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
- ^ "Rastrakutas". Official website of the Central Institute of Indian Languages. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
- ^ Zvelebil (1973), p. 7 (Introductory, chart)
- ^ Garg (1992), p. 67
- ^ "Jnanpeeth Awardees from Karnataka | Jnanapeeta Awardees | Jnanpith Award". www.karnatakavision.com. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ "Jnanpith Award: Eight Kannada authors who have won 'Jnanpith Award'". 5 September 2017. Archived from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ^ "Jnanpith Awards Winners Full List". 27 July 2016.
- ^ "IBNLive – CIIL to head Centre for classical Kannada study". ibnlive.in.com. 23 July 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
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